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In evaluating eight studies with a total of women with PCOS, the investigators found that N-acetylcysteine improved ovulation and pregnancy rates compared to a placebo. The cause for this is not entirely clear. Despite the findings, the researcher reported that N-acetylcysteine did not improve other common symptoms of PCOS, including menstrual irregularities, weight gain, and the development of secondary male traits. NAC may also improve fertility in men with infertility due to varicoceles, which are enlarged veins in the scrotum and testicles.
Varicoceles are one of the leading causes of male infertility. According to a study in the International Journal of Fertility and Sterility, 35 men who underwent surgery to treat varicoceles had higher rates of conception if given N-acetylcysteine prior to and after surgery.
Moreover, the quality of sperm was also seen to improve, both on physical and genetic levels. The researchers believe that the alleviation of oxidative stress resulted in "healthier" sperm and improved fertility following varicoceles surgery.
There is some evidence that N-acetylcysteine can enhance the effects of psychotropic drugs used to treat bipolar disorder. A week study published in the International Journal of Bipolar Disorder reported that 3, grams of NAC a day significantly improved depression scores in people on bipolar medications. It is believed the antioxidant effects triggered by N-acetylcysteine may be responsible for the response. Most experts agree that an imbalance of oxidants and antioxidants is a central feature of clinical depression.
N-acetylcysteine is used to treat Tylenol acetaminophen poisoning. Three consecutive intravenous IV infusions of NAC are given over 24 hours to prevent liver damage and other symptoms of acetaminophen toxicity. Note that taking oral N-acetylcysteine in no way prevents or treats symptoms of a Tylenol overdose. Tylenol poisoning is considered a medical emergency: call immediately if you or someone you know may have overdosed on acetaminophen.
N-acetylcysteine is considered safe and well-tolerated if used appropriately. With that said, it may cause side effects in some. Common side effects are generally mild and typically resolve on their own once treatment is stopped.
These may include:. Less commonly, people may experience a runny nose, drowsiness, and fever. Allergies to N-acetylcysteine are uncommon but can occur. The risk is highest during N-acetylcysteine infusions. In rare cases, an infusion may cause anaphylaxis , a life-threatening allergic reaction. Allergies to oral N-acetylcysteine tend to be mild, but may cause a runny nose, sneezing, and nasal congestion. Call your healthcare provider if the symptoms persist or worsen, or if you develop a rash or dizziness.
N-acetylcysteine is generally considered safe to use during pregnancy and breastfeeding. N-acetylcysteine has few known drug interactions. It may intensify the effects of nitroglycerin and isosorbide dinitrate used to treat angina , causing headaches, dizziness, lightheadedness, or fainting. There is also a theoretical risk of hypoglycemia low blood sugar if N-acetylcysteine is taken with diabetes medications. The routine monitoring of blood glucose can help identify any abnormal drops in blood sugar.
A safe and effective oral dose of N-acetylcysteine in children has not been established. According to a review , NAC may also help alleviate symptoms of various psychiatric conditions, including:.
While research into NAC as a means of relieving psychiatric symptoms may be promising, most doctors would not recommend it as a sole treatment. Instead, a person should rely upon evidence-based treatments, such as therapy and medication, when applicable. A doctor can provide advice about using NAC to supplement traditional treatment. For people with chronic lung conditions, such as bronchitis or cystic fibrosis , some doctors recommend NAC.
It is available in an inhalable form that may help reduce excess mucus. That said, clinical trials of NAC as a treatment for lung disease have arrived at mixed results, according to the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center. This syndrome can lead to insulin resistance and increases in blood sugar. However, NAC is no substitute for medications such as insulin or other methods of blood sugar control.
It may only be helpful as a supplement. Because NAC combats inflammation, the authors report, it may help counter this risk factor for preterm birth.
The authors refer to a study in which taking 0. NAC may have a similar effect when a woman takes it in combination with folic acid , the authors report. However, as with any supplement, it is important to consult a doctor about its safety before taking it during pregnancy. Acetaminophen is an analgesic that can relieve aches, pains, and a fever.
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