Polyploidy is common in plants, and plant growers may exploit this fact to produce plants with flowers having double petals. Polyploidy is generally lethal in animals. How does aneuploidy differ from polyploidy? Biology The Eukaryotic Cell Meiosis. Nov 10, Related questions How does meiosis 1 differ from meiosis 2? What is meiosis? How many chromosomes are present in telophase ii? Why does nondisjunction cause mutation? What is aneuploidy? How does trisomy 18 affect a person? What is the difference between mitosis and meiosis?
Consisting of more than two homologous chromosome sets in a cell is referred to as polyploidy. Human is a diploid organism, consists of two homologous chromosome sets. But in ferns and flowering plants, polyploidy is observed frequently. Epulopiscium fishelsoni like large bacteria containing more than two chromosome sets in their cytoplasm.
Polyploidy can occur due to the abnormalities in cell division, both during mitosis or metaphase I in meiosis. It is rare in humans other than in differentiated tissues. Triploidy can be either digyny or diandry. Digyny occurs due to two haploid sets from mother. Diandry occurs due to two haploid sets from the father.
Most of the time, polyploidy in humans end up with miscarriage. Treating the seeds with a chemical called colchicine induces polyploidy in crops. Examples of crops for polyploidy is included in Table 2.
Polyploidy which is derived from the chromosomes of a single species is referred to as autopolyploidy. It occurs due to natural genome doubling.
Ex: Potato, Banana, Apple. Polyploidy derived from different species. Ex: Triticale 6n is derived from Wheat 4n and Rye 2n , Cabbage. Ancient genome duplications through mutations and gene translocations. Figure 2: The correlation between chromosome sets. Aneuploidy: Aneuploidy is the presence of an abnormal number of chromosomes.
Polyploidy: Polyploidy is the presence of more than two homologous chromosome sets. Aneuploidy: Nullisomy, Monosomy, disomy, trisomy and tetrasomy. Aneuploidy: It causes chromosomal disorders. Some of disorders are lethal. Polyploidy: Triploid and tetraploid situations are lethal. Polyploidy: Differentiated cells such as liver, muscle and bone marrow. Aneuploidy is described in chromosome numbers. It causes abnormalities in chromosomes of humans.
Some of them are tolerable whereas the others end up with miscarriage. Polyploidy is the abnormal number of chromosome sets. Triploid and tetraploid are the possible situations in humans. But, both of them end up with miscarriage. Therefore, the key difference between aneuploidy and polyploidy is the abnormal numbers of chromosomes and the chromosome sets.
Reference: 1. Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, Accessed 21 Feb 2. New York: W. Freeman, NCBI Bookshelf. Accessed 21 Feb 3. Learn at Scitable, Nature Education, , 1 1 Accessed 21 Feb 4.
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