And if a community is to endure, someone in the community must have the authority to nurture, defend and transmit those convictions. In establishing his community the Church , Jesus gave that authority to his Apostles, with Peter serving as their leader.
As successors of the Apostles, bishops inherit that same authority. That said, it must also be admitted that Jesus gave his Church an organizational structure as well. He chose twelve Apostles to be his intimate collaborators. For three years, he spent much of his time instructing them on the mysteries of the Kingdom of Heaven. At the end of his earthly life, he charged them to spread the Good News to the ends of the earth, making everyone his disciples.
Among the Twelve, Simon Peter occupies a privileged place. Whenever the Apostles are listed, Peter always appears first, just as Judas is always last. You will be called the Rock Cephas. The enigma deepens when one considers that in the Old Testament, rock is a title that is almost exclusively God's: "Who else is a rock except our God? The answer is found in Matthew Not churches.
And the Gates of Hell will never destroy it It will last to the end of time. I will give you the keys to the Kingdom of Heaven Keys signify authority. Whatever you forbid on earth will be forbidden in Heaven. These special years, when one could receive a full pardon for sins during a visit to Rome, occurred once every twenty-five years, starting with the reign of Pope Paul II [r. To secure Rome and its Papal States—the territories that the papacy controlled in central and northern Italy and southern France—popes became heavily involved in temporal matters, even leading armies, as was the case with the very worldly Pope Julius II r.
During these years, popes strove to make Rome the capital of Christendom while projecting it, through art, architecture , and literature , as the center of a Golden Age of unity, order, and peace. Papal officials came from many nations to promote a united Church. Humanists in Rome, many of them foreign clerics involved with theology and some of them popes After Nicholas V r.
Looking to imperial Rome as a model, they conceived building and art projects to be political statements, and the best architects and artists congregated in Rome to achieve them, such as Leon Battista Alberti — Notwithstanding, popes frequently made the glorification of themselves and their families a high priority.
Rather than extend the work of their predecessors, they often sponsored personal projects, including lavish palaces and tombs for themselves and their relatives.
Pope Pius II r. Pius renamed the town Pienza around From then the papacy has continued in some form or another, facing different threats over time. During the Renaissance it was trying to balance the fragile position of power with the government. The doctrine is a document outlining the respect and authority due to the Pope from other bishops and their area of jurisdiction.
In modern times, the position of the Pope is still one of great prestige and authority, with each Pope ruling over the ecclesiastical state of the Vatican City, named the home of the Catholic Church. He has been praised for his more informal approach and common touch demonstrated by his simple white dress and iron pectoral cross that he wore as archbishop of Buenos Aires. This stands in contrast to his predecessors who all wore the traditional red trimmed mozzetta and gold cross upon their succession.
This indicated his changing attitudes to the formalities of the Vatican. His duties as the th successor to the throne of Saint Peter bring new as well as traditional challenges to his role as leader of 1.
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