Once pooling is implemented in the area code, all LNP-capable companies in pooling NPA area codes will be required to donate 1,number blocks to the pooling administrator. Under the number-pooling program, all LNP-capable carriers receive numbers in blocks of 1, on an as-needed basis. There is no rationing process in the pool and the blocks received can be put into service almost immediately upon receipt.
All non-LNP capable carriers will continue to receive numbers in blocks of 10, through the monthly lottery allocation process. While pooling trials will improve the efficiency of the distribution of numbers to companies, companies have not had strong incentives to efficiently manage the numbers already allocated to them. Thus the CPUC ordered companies to improve number inventory management with measures including rules on fill rates and sequential numbering.
In July , the CPUC issued Decision , which extended number conservation measures adopted in the area code to other area codes within California. These number conservation measures include the following:.
In each rate center in which companies request additional numbers, they must provide to NANPA a form demonstrating they will be out of numbers within three months TD anticipates these policies will potentially free more numbers for use in number pooling, to be allocated through the lottery, or to be otherwise used by companies. Indeed, these measures together with the effects of number pooling have already achieved some positive results. Further evidence of the effectiveness of the CPUC's number conservation policies is the recent increase in the number of excess prefixes in the area code being returned to the NANPA by companies.
Therefore, the CPUC's number conservation policies pooling, fill rates, and sequential numbering are governed by the FCC's delegation of authority to the states.
As a result, the FCC has delegated authority to plan and implement area code changes, as well as authority to implement number conservation measures. On April 26, , the CPUC filed a petition with the FCC requesting authority to institute number pooling trials and other number conservation measures within the state to better manage this public resource.
When the FCC granted the CPUC the authority to deploy various numbering resource optimization strategies, including the authority to institute thousand-block numbering pooling trials, it also clarified that California's authority will be superseded by future national measures adopted by the FCC.
The definitions of numbers and timelines for aging and reserved numbers that were adopted in that order have been incorporated into the utilization data contained herein. With the release of the first NRO Order, the FCC adopted a number of administrative and technical measures that will allow it to monitor more closely the way numbering resources are used and to promote more efficient use of numbering resources.
In particular, the FCC adopted a nationwide system for allocating numbers in blocks of one thousand, rather than ten thousand, wherever possible, and announced its intention to establish a plan for national rollout of thousand-block number pooling. Because the FCC recognized that state thousand-block number pooling trials underway might not conform to the national standards set forth in the first NRO Order, the FCC gave state commissions until September 1, to conform their thousand-block number pooling trials to the national framework.
In the second NRO Order, the FCC also ruled on California's Petition for Waiver, concluding that we may continue to use our utilization thresholds subject to parameters set in this order when FCC thresholds exceed California's, we must migrate to the more stringent utilization thresholds. In its comments prior to the release of the first NRO Order, the CPUC had argued that California might be precluded from exploring whether number pooling could alleviate the crises for number resources in many parts of the state that are located outside the top MSAs.
This grant of authority to California would make pooling possible throughout the state. The area code has three top MSA's where rate centers are located. The remaining 44 rate centers are outside of the top MSA's.
Currently, state commissions are constrained by the FCC from establishing an area code specifically for wireless telecommunications services. In the area code, wireless carriers hold prefixes. If the CPUC were allowed to create a separate area code for those companies, these prefixes in the area code could be reassigned to other phone uses, thus prolonging the life of the existing area code. In the Second Report and Order, the FCC asks for further comments on technology specific or non-geographic area codes.
Before requiring the residents and businesses of the area code to undergo another area code change, the CPUC recognized the necessity of determining the number of telephone numbers that are in use and the number yet to be used.
The definitions used in the utilization study are included in Appendix A Of the 7. The other 1. The CPUC's utilization study found that of the 6. Therefore, 5. A portion of these unused numbers can be made available for use by all companies, through the monthly lottery allocation process. In addition, companies have reported 2. A portion of these unavailable numbers can be used more efficiently if the recommendations contained in this report are implemented.
The CPUC asked thirty-nine companies, holding prefixes in the area code, to report their utilization data with a reporting cut-off date of August 31, Table shows the distribution of prefixes held in by incumbent local exchange carriers ILECs , competitive local exchange carriers CLECs , 19 and wireless carriers in 76 rate centers.
Of the 39 companies in the area code, all companies submitted utilization data. A list of the companies that have been allocated numbers in the area code appears in Appendix A.
The area code has 5. Of these unused numbers, TD found that companies held 3. The remaining 1. The breakdown of available numbers is shown in the table below. Total Available Numbers Reported by Carriers 3,, Numbers Available for the Lottery 1,, Total Available Numbers in the Area Code 5,, Not all of the 5.
Of the 5. The remaining 2. Pooling for the area code has not as yet been scheduled. By setting up a pooling trial in the area code and adopting recommendations in this report, 22 the CPUC could shift 1. Current technology requires a company to be LNP-capable in order to donate numbers for another company to use. Wireline companies hold 2. However, not all of these 2. The remaining , of the 2.
However, companies can immediately use these numbers to provide service to their customers or meet other needs. Wireless carriers hold , unused numbers in the area code. Until wireless carriers become LNP-capable in November , none of these numbers may be reallocated to other companies.
In the interim, wireless carriers may assign these numbers to their own customers. TD analyzed the utilization data to determine the availability of numbers within blocks of different contamination levels to assess different contamination thresholds that could be employed in the number pool. The following table summarizes available numbers by contamination levels by rate center for wireline carriers.
The first two numeric columns of Table show the potential numbers available to the pooling trial, except for those numbers kept for companies' six-month inventory, under current rules.
Available numbers in one rate center cannot be used in another rate center. Table shows that one rate center, other than Directory Assistance, has no available numbers that companies could donate to the pool. TD cautions that although Table shows potential results from increasing allowable contamination levels, further analysis and input from the industry may be necessary to determine accurately the quantity of additional numbers that can be added to the pool while still leaving companies with a six-month inventory.
Table shows available numbers in blocks of differing contamination levels held by wireless carriers. Recommendations from Block Contamination Analysis for Wireless. These instances are a small portion of the 6, blocks in use in the area code, and do not necessarily indicate that companies have intentionally contaminated blocks to avoid having to donate them to a number pool.
Viewing the utilization data suggests, however, that companies have not generally followed practices of sequential numbering and filling blocks substantially before using new blocks. The CPUC's rules on sequential numbering and fill rate practices promulgated in Decision are designed to prevent this problem from occurring.
Where companies possess significant available numbers in a given rate center, these two efficiency measures could prevent the opening of new blocks or prefixes. Companies reported utilization data as of August 31, The sequential numbering and fill rates decision was issued in July Some of these practices of non-sequential numbering and not filling blocks substantially before using new blocks may have happened before the July decision. TD does not expect carriers to contaminate blocks unnessarily.
Decision directed companies to return prefixes that are held unused for more than six months. The following table shows the breakdown between wireless and wireline carriers. Wireless Carriers , 40, , As shown above, 60, numbers in 6 prefixes can possibly be reclaimed if not used within six months.
The FCC granted authority to state regulatory commissions to investigate and determine whether code holders have activated prefixes within the allowed time frames, and directed the NANPA to abide by the state commission's determination to reclaim a prefix if the state commission is satisfied that the code holder has not activated the prefix within the time specified in the first NRO order.
In this ruling, the CPUC instructed the delinquent companies to comply immediately. Companies are to inform the CPUC either that the prefix es have been placed in service or returned, that the company was incorrectly included in NANPA's delinquent list, or the reasons the prefix es have not been placed in service.
The CPUC will review the reasons and make a determination on whether the prefix es must be returned or reclaimed by NANPA, or whether an extension of time is to be granted to the company to place the prefix es in service. Any delinquent companies that fails to comply will be subject to penalties and sanctions.
In the following sections, TD recommends a series of policies designed to require companies to use unavailable numbers more efficiently. These policies would potentially free more numbers for use in the pool, to be allocated through the monthly lottery, or to be otherwise used by companies.
Companies report that 2. Assigned numbers are those numbers that are currently being used by customers or equipment. Companies commonly refer to these numbers as "unavailable". Unavailable numbers include not only those actually in use by customers, but also the following categories:. In the area code, there are 1. The percentage of assigned numbers to total numbers held by companies is shown in the table below.
Assigned Numbers to Numbers Held by Carriers in millions. TD examined Neustar's summaries of the companies' first two semiannual NRUF reports, which reported utilization data as of June 30, and December 31, These rates of number assignment imply annual growth rates in assigned numbers of 1.
The fact that the half-year period spanned by these two reports includes the Christmas season, widely cited as a period of increased sales of wireless devices, suggests that a full year's data will probably show a lower annual growth rate for wireless carriers than that cited above.
Non-Working wireless describes numbers assigned to wireless customer equipment, but which are not yet working. These numbers are considered a sub-category of assigned numbers. For example, wireless carriers sometimes pre-package a cellular telephone with an assigned telephone number for sale to customers.
Although the number is assigned, it will remain inactive until a customer purchases the telephone. There are 9, non-working wireless numbers reported for this area code. While the quantity of non-working wireless numbers reported is generally zero or very low, this sub-category of assigned numbers could increase because there are no restrictions on the number of days that a wireless company can hold these numbers, causing numbers to remain idle for an unspecified period.
The CPUC should consider several options to improve inventory management of non-working wireless numbers. One option is for the CPUC to require companies to return these numbers to the unassigned category after days similar to the requirement the FCC has established for reserved numbers. Recommendations for Treatment of Non-Working Wireless. Under these INP arrangements, two telephone numbers are associated with each customer. LNP eliminates the need for two telephone numbers for each customer when the customers change companies because customers can take their numbers with them.
Since the area code has portions which are included in the top MSAs in the nation, all wireline carriers should be LNP-capable in the 33 rate centers which are in the top MSA's. Companies reported a total of INP numbers in the area code. Historically, the telecommunications industry has designated certain prefixes for special uses, usually to an ILEC.
These include numbers for recorded public information announcements such as time-of-day, weather forecasts, high-volume call in numbers, and emergency preparedness 34 numbers. These prefixes are not made available for general commercial use, and thus numbers within these prefixes that are not in actual use lie vacant.
In , companies decided not to duplicate the special use prefixes in each area code. Concerned that this process could adversely affect the public, the CPUC directed that these prefixes should be duplicated in each new area code. The utilization study shows that 6 prefixes are dedicated for special uses: one each for directory assistance, high volume calling, time, emergency preparedness and two mobile radio codes TD questions the necessity of assigning an entire prefix for each of the purposes listed above.
Furthermore, having multiple special use prefixes is an inefficient use of numbers in the area code as well as in other area codes in California. For example, if the prefix 36 currently reserved only for directory assistance could be used to provide time and emergency preparedness then two more prefixes could be returned for reallocation in the area code. Similarly, expanded use of the prefix throughout the state could result in more returned prefixes in other area codes.
The CPUC should further analyze the option of obtaining standard numbers in every California area code to provide time, emergency preparedness, and weather information at no additional cost to customers.
Recommendations for Special-Use Prefixes. Carriers "set aside" numbers for future use by customers. This utilization study incorporated the FCC's day requirement. The FCC later issued an extension until December 1, for companies to comply with the day rule.
This took effect on December 29, Wireline carriers reported a total of , reserved numbers in the area code. If the quantity of reserved numbers held by wireline carriers can be minimized, additional numbers could be available for immediate use by the companies from within their own number inventories thus slowing the rate at which new prefixes are allocated to these companies.
Numbers could also be freed up for reallocation in the number pool. Currently there are no limitations on the quantity or percentage of numbers a company can classify as reserved before requesting new numbers. Similarly, companies are not required to use their reserved numbers stock before they can request that new numbers be allocated to them.
Comparing the data on the Petaluma Swift rate center and the Sonoma rate center illustrates wide discrepancies between the quantity of reserved numbers companies hold. There are 13 prefixes in Petaluma Swift and 12 prefixes in Sonoma. However, wireline carriers in the Petaluma Swift center have over 2. If the CPUC orders efficient use practices specific to reserved numbers, more numbers could be made available for customer use. Wireless carriers reported 27, reserved numbers in the area code.
Wireless carriers also reported wide variances in reserved numbers. Comparing the data on the Clearlake Oakes rate center and the Fairfield Suisun rate center illustrates wide discrepancies between the quantity of reserved numbers companies hold.
Clearlake Oakes has one prefix and reserved numbers, while Fairfield Suisun had seven prefixes and only 18 reserved numbers. For wireline carriers, efficient number use practices specific to reserved numbers could immediately free up numbers within these companies' inventories for use, and thus, could slow the rate at which new prefixes are allocated to these companies.
Once wireless carriers are able to participate in number pooling, these practices could have the same efficiency gains as those for wireline carriers. In developing these practices, the CPUC should investigate various alternatives including, but not limited to, 1 limits on the quantity or percentage of reserved numbers companies can hold, and 2 requirements for using reserved numbers prior to requesting new numbers.
Administrative numbers are those not assigned to customers and are generally used for a wide range of applications for companies' internal use, including testing, internal business, and other network purposes. Companies reported over 64, 42 administrative numbers in the area code. Wireline carriers hold approximately 56, of these numbers and wireless carriers hold approximately 8, of them. Globally distributed delivery network ensures low latency and fast loading times, no matter where on Earth you are.
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